In plain language
Across 23 dosimetry studies, most orthopaedic surgeons' eye doses were below the 20 mSv annual limit, though high-volume fluoroscopy users may exceed it. Wrap-around leaded glasses cut eye dose about 90%, and standard mini C-arm setup lowered exposure substantially.
At a glance
- Type of study
- Systematic review or meta-analysis, Systematic review
- Who was studied
- Orthopedic surgeons, Phantom or simulation (no people)
- Size
- n = 23 studies
- Topics
- Eye lens and cataractsPersonal protective equipmentDosimetry and monitoringDose reduction techniquesSafety culture and compliance
- Summary based on
- the abstract
What it found
Most orthopaedic surgeons stay below the 20 mSv annual eye dose limit, but those doing many fluoroscopy-intensive procedures may exceed it.
Key figures: 20 mSv annual limit
Leaded eyeglasses cut eye dose by about 90%, with sport wrap-around designs shielding best, yet they were underused.
Key figures: about 90%
Standard vertical mini C-arm configuration lowered exposure up to 13-fold versus inverted configuration; standing perpendicular to the fluoroscope reduced eye dose further.
Key figures: up to 13-fold decrease
Included evidence was heterogeneous dosimetry studies of generally good quality; no meta-analysis was possible.
Key figures: 23 studies; MINORS 14 ± 0 of 16 and 19 ± 1 of 24
Limits to keep in mind
Narrative synthesis of 23 heterogeneous dosimetry studies, including 8 phantom or cadaver models and only one randomized trial; no meta-analysis and no long-term eye health outcomes.
Related research summaries
- Radiation exposure of eyes, thyroid gland and hands in orthopaedic staff: a systematic review (2012, Systematic review)
- Radiation in the Orthopedic Operating Room: What We Know, What We Do, and What Needs Attention (2025, Narrative review)
- Radiation Safety and Protection - StatPearls (2024, Narrative review)
- AST Standards for Ionizing Radiation Exposure (Guideline or consensus statement)
- ICRP Draft - Radiological Protection in Fluoroscopically Guided Procedures (Guideline or consensus statement)
How this summary was made
ORSIF prepared this summary with AI assistance from the abstract of the paper. A program then checked that the passage supporting each finding appears word for word in that source. A person has not yet reviewed each summary, so read the original before relying on a number. ORSIF summarizes research and does not endorse any product or company. Report a problem with this summary.
Prepared November 5, 2026.