In plain language
This narrative review reports that musculoskeletal pain is common among interventional radiologists and others who wear lead aprons. It recommends better-fitting two-part aprons, proper monitor and table positioning, suspended shields and ergonomics training, while noting prevention evidence is limited.
At a glance
- Type of study
- Narrative review
- Who was studied
- Interventional radiologists
- Size
- n = 62 articles
- Topics
- Musculoskeletal injury and ergonomicsPersonal protective equipmentRoom shielding and protective devicesRobotic and remote systemsTraining and educationWorkforce and careers
- Summary based on
- the full text
What it found
Neck and back pain at least weekly is common among frequent lead apron users.
Key figures: 50% to 60%
Lead aprons are heavy and may increase spinal disc pressure; the link between apron wearing and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) remains unclear.
Key figures: up to 15 pounds
Two-part aprons or aprons with a suitable belt are recommended to distribute weight across shoulders and waist; lighter materials still add load, justifying removal between procedures.
Physical discomfort in surgeons was associated with lower job satisfaction and higher burnout.
Key figures: 569 surgeons; satisfaction p = 0.024, burnout p = 0.005
Monitors should sit just below eye level in front of the operator, and table height should keep elbows neutral; scientific evidence for MSD prevention methods is lacking.
Key figures: downward viewing angle of 10°-15°
Limits to keep in mind
Narrative review with single-author screening of PubMed only; many cited data come from surgery, sonography or cardiology rather than interventional radiology, and no new data or pooled analysis are provided.
Related research summaries
- SCAI Multi-Society Position Statement on Occupational Health Hazards (2020, Guideline or consensus statement)
- Radiation Exposure, Training, and Safety in Cardiology (2024, Narrative review)
- Occupational Health Hazards in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory: Results of the 2023 SCAI Survey (2025, Cross-sectional survey)
- Radiation exposure in interventional cardiology: a narrative review of health effects and novel approaches to ensure radiation safety (2025, Narrative review)
- Get Protected! Recommendations for Staff in IR (2021, Narrative review)
How this summary was made
ORSIF prepared this summary with AI assistance from the full text of the paper. A program then checked that the passage supporting each finding appears word for word in that source. A person has not yet reviewed each summary, so read the original before relying on a number. ORSIF summarizes research and does not endorse any product or company. Report a problem with this summary.
Prepared November 3, 2026.